脱硫塔是对工业废气进行脱硫处理的塔式设备。脱硫塔最初以花岗岩砌筑的应用的最为广泛，其利用水膜脱硫除尘原理，又名花岗岩水膜脱硫除尘器，或名麻石水膜脱硫除尘器。
优点是易维护，且可通过配制不同的除尘剂，同时达到除尘和脱硫(脱氮)的效果。现在随着玻璃钢技术的发展，脱硫塔逐渐改为用玻璃钢制造。相比花岗岩脱硫塔，玻璃钢脱硫塔成本低、加工容易、不锈不烂、重量轻，因此成为今后脱硫塔的发展趋势。另外316L不锈钢具有耐腐蚀、耐高温、耐磨损三大优势，也是脱硫塔发展重要趋势之一。经过多年的改进，已发展成文丘里型、旋流板型、旋流柱型、浮球型、筛板型、气动乳化型等各种类型的脱硫塔，设备技术日趋成熟，各有优点和不足，企业可依自身需要选用不同类型。
脱硫要求
对脱硫塔的烟气脱硫的大型脱硫装置称为脱硫塔，而用于燃煤工业锅炉和窑炉烟气脱硫的小型脱硫除尘装置多称为脱硫除尘器。在脱硫塔和脱硫除尘器中，应含SO2的烟气，对烟气中的SO2进行化学吸收。为了强化吸收过程，提高脱硫效率，降低设备的投资和运行费用，脱硫塔和脱硫除尘器应满足以下的基本要求:
(1)气液间有较大的接触面积和一定的接触时间;
(2)气液间扰动强烈，吸收阻力小，对SO2的吸收效率高;
(3)操作稳定，要有合适的操作弹性;
(4)气流通过时的压降要小;
(5)结构简单，制造及维修方便，造价低廉，使用寿命长;
(6)不结垢，不堵塞，耐磨损，耐腐蚀;
(7)能耗低，不产生二次污染。
SO2吸收净化过程，处理的是低浓度SO2烟气，烟气量相当可观，要求瞬间内连续不断地高效净化烟气。因而，SO2参加的化学反应应为极快反应，它们的膜内转化系数值较大，反应在膜内发生，因此选用气相为连续相、湍流程度高、相界面较大的吸收塔作为脱硫塔和脱硫除尘器比较合适。通常，喷淋塔、填料塔、喷雾塔、板式塔、文丘里吸收塔等能满足这些要求。其中，喷淋塔是使用最为广泛的脱硫塔类型之一，喷淋塔具有结构简单，工艺成熟可靠的优点，广泛应用于大型电厂，中小型低硫烟气治理;对于高硫烟气治理，有色行业以气动乳化脱硫塔、多层喷淋塔等为主。
常见吸收塔的性能
国内外燃煤电厂常用的脱硫塔，主要有喷淋空塔、填料塔、双回路塔及喷射鼓炮塔等四种。
保护措施
脱硫系统中常见的主要设备为吸收塔、烟道、烟囱、脱硫泵、增压风机等主要设备，美嘉华技术在脱硫泵、吸收塔、烟道、烟囱等部位的防腐蚀、防磨效果显著，现分别叙述。
Desulfurization tower is a tower equipment for desulfurization of industrial waste gas. The desulfurization tower is the most widely used in granite masonry, which uses the principle of water membrane desulfurization and dust removal, also known as the granite water membrane desulfurization dust collector, or named ma Shi Shui membrane desulfurization dust collector.
The invention has the advantages of easy maintenance, and can achieve the effects of dust removal and desulfurization ( denitrification ) simultaneously by preparing different dust removers. Now with the development of FRP technology, the desulfurization tower is gradually changed to be made of FRP. Compared with granite desulfurization tower, glass fiber reinforced plastic desulfurization tower has low cost, easy processing, stainless steel, light weight, so it has become the development trend of desulfurization tower in the future. In addition, 316l stainless steel has three advantages of corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and wear resistance, and is also one of the important trends of desulfurization tower development. After years of improvement, has developed into venturi type, cyclone plate type, cyclone column type, floating ball type, sieve plate type, pneumatic emulsification type and other types of desulfurization tower, equipment technology is becoming more and more mature, each has its advantages and disadvantages, enterprises can choose different types according to their own needs.
Desulfurization requirements
The large-scale desulfurization device for flue gas desulfurization of the desulfurization tower is called the desulfurization tower, and the small-scale desulfurization and dedusting device for flue gas desulfurization of coal-fired industrial boilers and kilns is often called the desulfurization and dedusting device. In the desulfurization tower and desulfurization dust collector, should contain SO2 flue gas, SO2 in flue gas chemical absorption. In order to strengthen the absorption process, improve desulfurization efficiency, reduce equipment investment and operating costs, desulfurization tower and desulfurization dust catcher should meet the following basic requirements:
( 1 ) there is a large contact area and a certain contact time between gas and liquid;
( 2 ) the gas-liquid interaction is strong, the absorption resistance is small, and the absorption efficiency of SO2 is high;
( 3 ) stable operation, should have the appropriate operation flexibility;
( 4 ) the pressure drop when the air flow passes is small;
( 5 ) simple structure, convenient manufacture and maintenance, low manufacturing cost and long service life;
( 6 ) no scaling, no blockage, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance;
( 7 ) low energy consumption, no secondary pollution.
So2 absorption and purification process, the treatment of low concentration of SO2 flue gas, flue gas volume is considerable, requires continuous and efficient purification of flue gas in an instant. Therefore, SO2 in the chemical reaction is very fast reaction, their membrane conversion coefficient value is larger, the reaction occurs in the membrane, so it is more appropriate to choose the gas phase as the continuous phase, high degree of turbulence, large phase interface absorption tower as desulfurization tower and desulfurization dust collector. Typically, spray towers, packing towers, spray towers, plate towers, venturi absorption towers, etc. can meet these requirements. Among them, spray tower is one of the most widely used desulfurization tower type, spray tower has the advantages of simple structure, mature and reliable technology, widely used in large power plants, small and medium-sized low sulfur flue gas treatment; For high sulfur flue gas treatment, the non-ferrous industry is given priority to with pneumatic emulsification desulfurization tower, multi-layer spray tower, etc.
Performance of common absorption towers
Desulfurization tower commonly used in coal-fired power plants at home and abroad, there are four main spray empty tower, packing tower, double loop tower and spray drum tower.
Protection measures
The main equipment commonly used in desulfurization system is absorption tower, flue, chimney, desulfurization pump, booster fan and other main equipment, meijiahua technology in desulfurization pump, absorption tower, flue, chimney and other parts of the anti-corrosion and anti-wear effect is obvious, are described separately.
